Lab Members

Yong Cao, Principal Investigator

Principal Investigator

Dr. Cao is a stream ecologist at the Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), University of Illinois. He obtained his Ph.D. in Aquatic Ecology from King’s College London in 1995, conducted research at the University of Toronto, USEAP Research Lab at Corvallis, OR, and the Utah State University before joining INHS in 2007. His research interests include 1) biological monitoring and assessment of freshwater ecosystems, 2) assemblage-focused sampling design, 3) aquatic species distribution modelling, 4) community multivariate analysis, and 5) species diversity concept and estimation. His current and previous projects have been funded by US Fish & Wildlife Services, NSF, USGS, and IL Department of Natural Resources. Yong’s research is available on Google Scholar.

Ph.D. (1995) Ecology, King’s College London
M.S. (1986) Limnology, Chinese Academy of Science
B.S. (1982) Biology, Shandong Normal University


Tyler Schartel, Assistant Research Scientist

Conservation Ecologist

Tyler is originally from Fleetwood, Pennsylvania and earned his Ph.D. in Biological Sciences from Mississippi State University in 2016. His research interests involve using geospatial analyses and ecological niche/species distribution modeling to understand the factors governing species’ niches and distributions. Tyler’s postdoctoral work with the Department of Entomology at University of California Riverside involved characterizing insect invasion dynamics and developing early pest management strategies. In his current position as an assistant scientist of conservation ecology with the Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Tyler is working on two projects that entail modeling freshwater mussel distributions in the Midwest US and prioritizing Illinois protected lands based on species rarity and richness. Tyler’s future work with the INHS involves acting as principal investigator on a project that will utilize historical and contemporary distributions of fish, mussels, and aquatic insects to re-characterize the biological significance of all Illinois streams and rivers. Tyler’s research is available on Google Scholar or via request made to schartel@illinois.edu.

Ph.D. (2016) Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University
M.S. (2011) Zoology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale
B.S. (2007) Biology, Ursinus College


Greg King, Assistant Research Scientist

Large River Ecologist

Greg King is a river ecologist from Orland Park, Illinois. He is interested in studying the effects of human activities on freshwater ecosystems and currently leads projects assessing Smallmouth Bass populations on two medium-sized rivers in Illinois. He became interested in fisheries ecology while an undergraduate at Eastern Illinois University and started as a field technician at the Illinois Natural History Survey in 2010. His graduate research focused on the physiological consequences of land use in fishes of St. Lawrence River tributaries. Greg is also currently working toward his Ph.D. on the interaction of species traits with altered environments in riverine communities. Greg’s research can be found on Google Scholar or via request made to gdking@illinois.edu.

M.S. (2014) Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
B.S. (2011) Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, Minor: Philosophy


Sarah Molinaro, Assistant Research Scientist

Stream Ecologist

Sarah is a stream ecologist, whose past research experience has largely centered around sport fish ecology in large rivers. Her graduate research with the Sport Fish Ecology Lab at INHS examined the population dynamics of Shortnose Gar in the lower Illinois River and estimated bowfishing tournament harvest in Illinois. As a fisheries biologist with the Indiana Department of Natural Resources (2019-2022) she administered Indiana’s commercial fishing programs, assisted with the invasive carp program, and managed catfish, Shovelnose Sturgeon, and Paddlefish populations in the big rivers of southern Indiana. Sarah joined the lab in 2022 and is currently managing the CREP Aquatic Life Monitoring Project. She can be reached at smolina2@illinois.edu.

M.S. (2019) Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
B.S. (2015) Integrative Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign


Billy Nixon, Visiting Scientific Specialist

Stream Ecologist

Billy is a stream ecologist at INHS. He is originally from Monticello, Illinois, and is currently based in Champaign. He has a broad field research background at INHS, including conducting surveys for fish and freshwater mussels for the IDOT Biological Surveys and Assessment Program, long-term monitoring of translocated federally-endangered Northern Riffleshell mussels, conducting avian surveys in shrublands throughout Illinois, conducting telemetry for a post-breeding ecology study of wood ducks at Forbes Biological Station in Havana IL, and managing the Shorebird Conservation Acreage via drainage water Runoff Control project (SCARC), which works with landowners to create critical stopover habitat for migratory shorebirds and waterfowl. He has also worked in the INHS Crustacean, Fish, Insect, Mammal, and Mollusk collections. Billy joined the lab in 2023 and is working on the CREP Aquatic Life Monitoring Project. He can be contacted at wnixon2@illinois.edu

B.S. (2016) Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign


Megan Ryba, Assistant Research Scientist

Large River Ecologist

Megan is a river ecologist originally from Troy, MO. Small fish species of greatest conservation need (SGCN) are not commonly found with traditional large river sampling methods. Her research aims to develop a protocol that targets these species on the Mississippi and Wabash rivers in southern Illinois. She has previously worked on large rivers at both the Big Rivers and Wetlands Field Station in Cape Girardeau, MO, and at the Illinois River Biological Station in Havana, IL. Her graduate research was based in southeastern Louisiana, where she used environmental DNA to study the estuarine fish communities at artificial reefs in Lake Pontchartrain. Megan can be contacted at mryba@illinois.edu

M.S. (2020) Biological Sciences, Louisiana University
B.S. (2018) Biology, University of Central Missouri


Kristen Ragusa, Conservation Resource Specialist Supervisor

Conservation Resource Specialist Supervisor

Kristen grew up in rural Illinois in a typical farming community.  Her childhood concluded with hunting, fishing, and critter-catching.  Her passion for animals led her to a decade-long career as a certified animal nurse at the University of Illinois’ Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Champaign. She transitioned to the conservation realm in 2017, earning her bachelor’s in Environmental Science and master’s in Natural Resources and Environmental Sustainability from UIUC. She joined INHS in January 2021 with the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program as a Field Scientist and recently transitioned into a supervisory role. Her office is based out of the IDNR building in Springfield, IL and she can be reached by email at Kristen.ragusa@illinios.gov.

B.S. (2019) Environmental Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
M.S. (2022) Natural Resources and Environmental Sustainability, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign


Abbey Ward, Conservation Resource Specialist

Conservation Resource Specialist

Abbey grew up and currently lives in the Peoria, IL area. She graduated from Augustana College in May of 2020 with a bachelor’s degree in Biology and Environmental Studies and a minor in Geography. During the summer of 2020, she was a Crew Lead on a wetland restoration project at Indiana Dunes National Park where she and her crew removed invasive species from wetland habitats and planted native flora. She joined INHS in January 2021 as a Visiting Scientific Specialist to work on the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) and will be based out of Havana, IL and can be reached by email at afward@illinois.edu.

B.S. (2020) Environmental Studies, Augustana College, Minor: Geography


Chris Miller, Conservation Resource Specialist

Conservation Resource Specialist

Chris grew up in Fort Worth, Texas and currently resides in Champaign, Illinois where he joined INHS as a Stream Research Technician in the summer of 2020. Before joining INHS he received his bachelor’s in Zoology from the University of St. Andrews, located on the East coast of Scotland. During his time in undergrad his studies focused primarily on ecological interactions and conservation culminating in writing his thesis over examinations of the skeletal morphometrics of an isolated population of Soay sheep living in the St. Kilda archipelago. Between graduation and joining INHS he worked for the non-profit Fossil Rim Wildlife Center as an animal care specialist before moving to the education department as a conservation educator. He also spent a brief period as an axe throwing instructor. In January of 2021 he started his new position at INHS as a Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program Field Specialist located in Champaign. He can be reached by email at cmm17@illinois.edu.

B.S. (2019) Zoology, University of St. Andrews, Scotland


Krishna Tiwari, Conservation Resource Specialist

Conservation Resource Specialist

Krishna was born and raised in Wilkesboro, North Carolina where he developed a love for the environment, nature, and wildlife. He attended Western Carolina University and majored in Environmental Science with a minor in Anthropology. He then completed a dual master’s program in Environmental Science and Public Administration from the University of North Carolina at Wilmington. Krishna has worked for a variety of environmental organizations, including the NASA DEVELOP National Program and Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians Natural Resources Department, where he conducted wildlife surveys. He also has experience working at the Bald Head Island Conservancy as a Sea Turtle Intern. He joined INHS as a Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program Field Specialist in October of 2023. Krishna can be reached at katiwari@illinois.edu.

M.S. ()  Environmental Science and Public Administration, University of North Carolina at Wilmington
B.S. () Environmental Science, Western Carolina University, Minor: Anthropology


Molly Koleczek, Conservation Resource Specialist

Conservation Resource Specialist

Molly grew up in the south Chicago suburbs and spent time outside in all seasons. She completed her BSc in Zoology from Olivet Nazarene University with a capstone project looking for patterns in melanistic versus gray squirrel populations across Indiana and Illinois. She then spent time in the marine mammal and sea turtle stranding response network for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. After this, she moved into a career in conservation education at several AZA accredited zoos in Illinois and Arizona. To further her knowledge of conservation best practices, Molly completed a MSc in Biodiversity and Conservation from Trinity College Dublin. She joined INHS in October 2023 as a Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program Field Specialist. Molly can be reached at mollyak@illinois.edu.

M.S. (2023) Biodiversity and Conservation, Trinity College Dublin
B.S. () Zoology, Olivet Nazarene University


Peter Schmidt, Conservation Resource Specialist

Conservation Resource Specialist

Peter joined INHS as a Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program Field Specialist in October of 2023. He grew up in St. Paul, Minnesota where he obtained his bachelor’s degree in Biology from Bethel University. While at Bethel, he performed research on bird diversity and density during migration in riparian and lakeside habitats. For two years, Peter was Head Naturalist at Trout Lake Camps in northern Minnesota. He created programs that taught around 2,000 young children about native rocks, plants, insects, and birds. After a brief stint at a Minnesota biotech company, he is thrilled to be back in the world of ecology and biology education. He can be contacted at pfs@illinois.edu.

B.S. (2022) Biology, Bethel University


Trevor, O’Brien, Conservation Resource Specialist

Conservation Resource Specialist

Trevor joined INHS as a Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program Field Specialist in October of 2023. While earning his bachelors in Animal Ecology at Iowa Sate University, Trevor worked as a lab assistant in the mammalogy collection and interned as a zookeeper. He was also vice president of the Fish and Wildlife Club and participated in field research on a variety of mammals in Montana and Glacier Mountain National Park. Before coming to INHS, Trevor spent time as a technician for Western Ecosystems conducting mortality surveys or birds and bats at wind farms. He can be contacted at tmobrien@illinois.edu

B.S. () Animal Ecology, Iowa State University


Part-Time Staff

Jerrod Parker

Large River Ecologist

Jerrod’s research has primarily focused on methods to characterize fish assemblage structure and relating changes in these characterizations to the chemical and physical environment. He led the lab’s large river surveys from 2014 through 2019. He is currently working on research topics involving side-scan sonar substrate characterization and differences among fish functional diversity in Illinois’ large rivers.

M.S. (2014) Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
B.S. (2009) Biology, University of Wisconsin Platteville, Minor: Ecology
A.A. (2004) Northeast Iowa Community College, Peosta, IA


2023 Field Crew

Katarina Glueck, Mary Rimm, Brendan VanAntwerp, Noah Finney (not pictured)

At the Vandalia Dragon